Intimate Surgery in Switzerland: The Guide for Women and Men

Intimate surgery covers procedures that change the appearance or function of the genitals, in women and men alike. It is a field in which very different requests come together: physical discomfort in daily life, childbirth after-effects, a disease affecting sexual or urinary function, a cosmetic complex, repair after mutilation, or a stage in a gender-affirmation pathway. It is also a field in which modesty, misconceptions and commercial promises make reliable information hard to find. This guide presents all the intimate procedures performed in Switzerland, distinguishes between functional medicine and cosmetics, explains how to choose the right specialist, what insurers cover and where to consult in the 26 cantons. It links to our detailed pages on vaginoplasty and penoplasty.

Female intimate surgery notably includes reduction of the labia minora, reshaping of the labia majora and pubis, vaginal tightening and repair of the perineum after childbirth, as well as prolapse and incontinence surgery. Male intimate surgery notably includes lengthening and thickening of the penis, curvature correction, penile implant placement for erectile dysfunction, circumcision and scrotal surgery. Functional procedures can be covered by basic insurance; purely cosmetic procedures are at the patient's expense. Every request begins with a consultation that checks whether there is a genuine indication. Budget guidelines in percentages are on our page on intimate surgery prices in Switzerland.

The term intimate surgery is not an official medical specialty. It refers to a set of procedures performed by different specialists: gynaecologists, urologists, plastic surgeons, urogynaecologists and surgeons specialising in gender affirmation. Some of these procedures have been performed for decades for medical purposes, such as perineal repair or prolapse treatment. Others have developed more recently to meet cosmetic requests.

This diversity explains why it is important to identify clearly what motivates the request. The same procedure, labia minora reduction for example, may respond to real functional discomfort, such as irritation when cycling or pain during intercourse, or to a purely cosmetic concern. The approach, expectations and sometimes coverage are not the same.

The boundaries between these types are often blurred. A cosmetic concern can have a real impact on intimate life, and functional discomfort is often accompanied by distress linked to self-image. The doctor's role is to listen to the whole picture, examine, explain what is normal and what is not, and propose the most suitable solution, which is not always surgical.

Many requests for intimate surgery stem from a worry: "Am I normal?" Yet genital anatomy varies enormously from person to person, far more than most people imagine. The labia minora can be short or long, symmetrical or not, smooth or wrinkled, darker than the surrounding skin; protruding beyond the labia majora is common and perfectly normal. Similarly, the size, shape and colour of the penis and scrotum vary widely, and the vast majority of men who worry about the size of their penis have anatomy within the average.

Images conveyed by pornography, often retouched or selected, and the spread of aesthetic standards on social media have helped create the belief in a narrow norm that does not exist. Before considering surgery, clear information about this diversity is sometimes enough to ease a long-standing worry. It is one of the first things a reputable specialist does.

Functional genital surgery is old. Perineal repairs after childbirth and the first prolapse procedures date back to the 19th century, as do the first urological procedures on the penis. Penile curvature surgery and penile implants for erectile dysfunction developed in the second half of the 20th century, alongside genital reconstruction techniques.

Cosmetic intimate surgery spread from the 2000s onwards, driven by greater openness about sexuality, full hair removal, which makes anatomy more visible, and the influence of online images. This rapid growth has prompted ethical debates and position statements from medical societies calling for honest information, psychological evaluation where necessary and caution regarding commercial promises, particularly concerning certain laser or radiofrequency treatments.

Intimate surgery is intended for adults with real physical or psychological discomfort, after receiving full information on the diversity of anatomy and non-surgical alternatives. Cosmetic procedures are not performed on minors, except in particular medical situations assessed by a specialist team, as genital anatomy continues to develop during adolescence and the request needs time to mature.

The right candidate has a clear, personal request, realistic expectations, good general health and the ability to follow recovery instructions, notably several weeks of sexual abstinence. A request that comes mainly from a partner deserves careful exploration.

Few areas of surgery touch so closely on intimacy, self-image and sexuality. Discomfort linked to the genitals can weigh heavily: avoiding relationships, changing rooms or the beach, anxiety during intercourse, a sense of shame. This distress deserves to be taken seriously. But not all of it finds its answer in the operating theatre.

Body dysmorphia

Some people are excessively preoccupied with a minor or non-existent flaw in their anatomy. This distress, called body dysmorphic disorder, is generally not relieved by surgery, which can even worsen it. Reputable specialists look for it and then refer for psychological support.

Sexual difficulties

Low desire, pain during intercourse, premature ejaculation, erectile difficulties of psychological origin or tensions within the couple are not resolved by changing anatomy. A sex therapist or a doctor trained in sexology can help, sometimes alongside medical treatment.

A history of violence

Pain or rejection of one's body can be linked to violence suffered. Specialised, respectful support is then essential before any surgical decision.

A good intimate surgery specialist does not hesitate to suggest a consultation with a psychologist or sex therapist, not to refuse the request, but to make sure that surgery really meets it.

Cosmetic intimate surgery raises ethical questions that medical societies have addressed. The main recommendations converge: inform honestly about the diversity of anatomy, do not present surgery as a solution to sexual or relationship difficulties, look for underlying psychological distress, and do not perform cosmetic procedures on adolescents, whose anatomy and self-image are still developing.

For an adolescent girl worried about her labia minora, the usual response is information and support, with practical advice if there is discomfort. A procedure is only considered in the case of significant, persistent functional discomfort, after assessment by a team specialising in adolescent gynaecology.

Partners often play a role in requests for intimate surgery, positively or not. A partner can support a long-postponed step, come to consultations and help during recovery. But a request can also arise from a hurtful remark or pressure. The surgeon makes sure the decision is yours and may suggest seeing you alone for part of the consultation.

During recovery, several weeks of abstinence and a gradual return to intercourse are easier when they have been planned together. Some couples use this period to see a sex therapist together, notably after surgery for erectile dysfunction or after a difficult childbirth.

These alternatives are not administrative hurdles: they resolve the problem for a large proportion of patients, without the risks of a procedure.

Sport has mixed effects on the intimate area. Among runners, trampolinists and those practising impact sports, stress urinary leakage is common, even in young women without children; it is treated with suitable rehabilitation and sometimes a sports pessary. Among cyclists, saddle pressure can cause numbness, irritation of the labia minora or temporary erectile problems; a suitable saddle, good-quality cycling shorts and a well-adjusted bike are often enough.

Strength sports, with very heavy lifting and breath-holding, place great strain on the pelvic floor. A suitable breathing technique and specific strengthening protect it. Before considering surgery for sport-related discomfort, an assessment with a specialist physiotherapist and equipment adjustments are often sufficient.

After obesity surgery or weight loss of several dozen kilos, the skin of the pubis and inner thighs can become very loose. In women, the mons pubis may sag and the labia majora appear stretched; in men, the penis may be partly hidden by excess skin and fat. These changes interfere with hygiene, dressing and intimate life.

Pubic reshaping, often carried out at the same time as an abdominoplasty or thigh lift, corrects this excess. These reconstructive procedures may, depending on the situation, be the subject of a coverage request. See our guide to obesity surgery and our page on the thigh lift.

Sex therapists — doctors, psychologists or therapists trained in sexology — support difficulties in sexual life: low desire, pain, erection or ejaculation difficulties, absence of orgasm, tensions within the couple and concerns linked to body image. Their approach combines information, exercises and work on perceptions.

A sex therapy consultation is particularly useful before intimate surgery when the request is linked to a sexual difficulty, when anatomy is normal, or when the partner is involved in the request. It is also valuable after a procedure, to regain confidence. Sex therapy consultations with a doctor, or with a psychologist on prescription, may be covered depending on the situation; find out more.

Pain in the vulva with no visible lesion, called vulvodynia, pain during intercourse and chronic pelvic pain in women or men affect a significant number of people and are often poorly diagnosed. They can have multiple origins: nerve sensitisation, excessive pelvic floor tension, endometriosis, after-effects of infections and psychological factors that perpetuate pain.

Cosmetic surgery is not the answer to this pain and can even worsen it. Care relies on precise diagnosis and often combined treatment: pelvic physiotherapy, local or medication-based pain treatment, and psychological and sexological support. Several Swiss centres have consultations specialising in pelvic pain.

Endometriosis affects a significant proportion of women of childbearing age. Tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside it, causing pain during periods, sometimes deep pain during intercourse, bowel or urinary problems and difficulty conceiving. Diagnosis is often made several years late.

When intercourse is painful deep inside, endometriosis should be looked for before considering any intimate surgery. Its treatment, medical or surgical, falls to specialist gynaecologists, and several Swiss hospitals have dedicated centres. Cosmetic vulvar surgery or vaginal tightening would bring no relief and could worsen the pain.

Sexual health and family planning centres, present in every canton, offer confidential consultations on contraception, sexually transmitted infections, pregnancy and difficulties in intimate life. They are often a valuable entry point for asking a question you would not dare raise elsewhere, and can refer you to a gynaecologist, urologist or sex therapist.

Before intimate surgery, screening for sexually transmitted infections may be offered, notably if there are symptoms or risk factors, as an untreated infection compromises healing. The tests are quick and confidential.

Premature ejaculation is the most common male sexual difficulty. It is sometimes wrongly presented as an indication for procedures such as circumcision, injecting products into the glans or cutting nerves. These procedures have not been shown to be effective, and some carry a risk of serious complications, such as permanent loss of sensation.

Recognised treatments are sex therapy with behavioural techniques, certain prescription medicines and local treatments. A consultation with a urologist or a doctor specialising in sexology allows the right solution to be found.

In women, intimate procedures concern the vulva — the external part of the genitals — the vagina and perineum, as well as the pelvic organs that support them. The most common requests are the following.

The clitoris is much larger than it appears: its visible part is only the tip of an organ that extends deep inside. This anatomy explains why a well-performed labiaplasty does not touch the essential structures of pleasure, and why reconstruction after mutilation is possible, by freeing the preserved internal part.

Labiaplasty, or nymphoplasty, reduces labia minora considered too long or asymmetric. It is the most requested female intimate procedure. Motives vary: irritation or pain when cycling, horse riding or running, rubbing in tight clothing or swimwear, discomfort during intercourse, hygiene difficulties, or cosmetic discomfort.

Techniques

Edge trimming removes the excess along the free edge; the wedge technique removes a triangle of tissue from the middle of the labium and preserves the natural edge. The choice depends on anatomy and the desired result.

The clitoral hood

When the hood is prominent, a combined reduction avoids an imbalance after labial reduction. The clitoris itself is not touched.

Recovery

The procedure takes about an hour, often under local anaesthesia with sedation. Swelling is marked in the first week; intercourse and sport resume after four to six weeks.

Risks

Irregular scarring, asymmetry, excessive reduction, altered sensitivity and stitches coming apart. Excessive reduction is difficult to correct: a measured approach is essential.

Some intimate discomfort is due not to anatomy but to a skin disease. Lichen sclerosus, for example, affects the vulva in women and the foreskin in men. It causes itching, whitish, fragile skin and fissures, and can eventually narrow the vaginal opening or cause phimosis. It is effectively treated with corticosteroid creams and requires regular follow-up.

Recurrent thrush, eczema, genital psoriasis or reactions to hygiene products can also cause irritation and pain. Before considering surgery for irritation of the labia minora or foreskin, it is useful for a gynaecologist, urologist or dermatologist to rule out a skin disease. Operating without treating the cause risks recurrence of symptoms and poor healing.

Other variants exist, and many surgeons combine the principles depending on anatomy. The most important thing is to keep enough tissue for the labia minora to continue protecting the openings of the vagina and urethra; excessive reduction risks dryness, irritation and pain.

With age, weight loss or after pregnancies, the labia majora can lose volume and appear deflated; conversely, they may be bulky. Fat transfer, using the patient's own fat, restores their volume; skin reduction removes excess skin. The mons pubis, the fatty area above the pubic bone, can be slimmed by liposuction, sometimes combined with skin reshaping after major weight loss or an abdominoplasty. See our page on liposuction in Switzerland.

Fat transfer is often preferred when the volume to be restored is significant and the patient wants a lasting result; hyaluronic acid allows the effect to be tested or a small volume to be corrected. In both cases, the amount injected must remain measured for a natural result.

After one or more vaginal deliveries, some women feel the vagina has become lax, notice reduced sensation during intercourse, or observe a widened vaginal opening and a weakened perineum. Vaginal tightening reduces the diameter of the vagina by tightening its muscles and wall; perineoplasty reconstructs the perineal body between the vagina and anus, often damaged by a tear or episiotomy.

These procedures must not be confused with feminising vaginoplasty performed as part of a gender-affirmation pathway. Before considering surgery, pelvic floor rehabilitation with a specialist physiotherapist is often the first step and is enough in many cases. Our page on vaginoplasty in Switzerland details these techniques.

Vaginal tightening is most often done under general or spinal anaesthesia, in one to two hours. The surgeon makes an incision in the back wall of the vagina, brings together the levator ani muscles that form the pelvic floor, removes excess mucosa if needed, then reconstructs the perineal body at the vaginal opening. The diameter obtained is checked during the procedure to avoid excessive tightening, a source of pain.

After the procedure, discharge and swelling are normal for a few weeks. The stitches are dissolvable. Intercourse, tampons, baths and lifting should be avoided for six to eight weeks, and constipation prevented. Sensitivity and sensations during intercourse return to normal over several months. Our page on vaginoplasty in Switzerland describes this procedure in detail.

Childbirth can leave very different after-effects: a painful or thick episiotomy scar, a poorly healed tear, pain during intercourse, stress urinary leakage, leakage of wind or stools if the anal sphincter has been injured, and a feeling of heaviness linked to early prolapse. These problems are common and too often kept quiet out of modesty or because they are thought to be normal after a birth.

These problems fall primarily within gynaecology, urogynaecology and pelvic physiotherapy. Their treatment is generally covered by basic insurance. It is useful to talk to your midwife or gynaecologist about them from the postnatal period, without waiting years.

For women, urinary leakage, a feeling of heaviness or pain during intercourse after childbirth are often seen as inevitable, or even as the normal price of motherhood. Many talk about them neither to their doctor nor to those close to them. Yet, according to studies, these problems affect a significant proportion of women during their lives — often around one in three for urinary leakage — and most can be treated effectively. Talking to your midwife, gynaecologist or GP is the first step.

These problems do not concern only mothers: elite sportswomen, women with a chronic cough or significant constipation, and post-menopausal women are also at risk. Screening is simple, the examination brief, and the first measures, such as rehabilitation or local treatment, are available everywhere in Switzerland and covered by basic insurance on prescription.

Gynaecologists and midwives increasingly encourage these issues to be raised from the postnatal check, then at annual check-ups. If your doctor does not ask, do not hesitate to raise it yourself: a single sentence is enough to start the discussion, for example "I sometimes leak when I run" or "sex has become painful since I gave birth". The rest of the consultation will follow naturally.

The pelvic floor is a group of muscles and tissues that closes the bottom of the pelvis like a hammock. It supports the bladder, uterus or prostate and rectum, contributes to urinary and anal continence, and plays a role in sexuality, in women and men alike. It is put under strain by pregnancy and childbirth, chronic coughing, constipation, excess weight, certain impact sports and heavy lifting.

A weakened pelvic floor can cause urinary leakage, a feeling of heaviness and reduced sexual sensation. A pelvic floor that is too tense, conversely, can cause pain during intercourse or difficulty urinating. In both cases, pelvic physiotherapy is a first-choice treatment, often little known, effective and covered by basic insurance on medical prescription.

Pelvic floor rehabilitation is carried out by specially trained physiotherapists. It begins with an assessment: a questionnaire on symptoms and an examination of muscle strength and coordination, often by vaginal or rectal examination, always explained and with your consent. The physiotherapist then teaches you to locate and contract these muscles correctly, which is not as simple as it seems.

A course generally includes nine sessions on prescription, renewable. Results build up over a few weeks to a few months, with exercises at home. In men, rehabilitation also helps after prostate surgery, for urinary leakage, and with certain erectile problems or pelvic pain.

The midwife is often the first professional to whom a woman confides intimate discomfort after childbirth. During postnatal visits, she examines the episiotomy or tear scar, checks for leakage, advises on resuming intercourse and refers for rehabilitation. Do not hesitate to tell her about any symptom, even if it seems trivial or embarrassing: pain, leakage, a feeling of heaviness, or worry about the appearance of the vulva. The earlier an after-effect is treated, the better the results.

Not all after-effects can be avoided, but several measures reduce their frequency and severity. During pregnancy, strengthening the pelvic floor with a midwife or physiotherapist reduces the risk of urinary leakage after the birth. Perineal massage in the last few weeks is sometimes suggested to reduce the risk of tearing. During delivery, teams adapt positions and pushing to protect the perineum.

After the birth, an assessment of the perineum and, if needed, rehabilitation are recommended, ideally after the postnatal check. It is important not to resume impact sports and heavy lifting too soon. And above all, to talk about any persistent symptom: most after-effects are treated all the better for being addressed early.

After childbirth, a tear or episiotomy scar can remain tender, pull, or make intercourse painful for months. In most cases, pelvic physiotherapy — scar massage, relaxation work on the muscles and sometimes dilators — brings clear improvement. Local treatments can complement this approach. When the scar is thick, contracted or forms a skin bridge, minor revision surgery, often combined with perineoplasty, can correct it. This repair surgery is generally covered by basic insurance.

Prolapse is the descent of one or more pelvic organs — bladder, uterus or rectum — into the vagina, due to weakened supporting tissues. It causes a sensation of a lump or heaviness, sometimes urinary or bowel problems. Stress urinary incontinence shows as leakage when coughing, laughing or doing sport. These problems affect a significant proportion of women during their lives.

Treatments range from rehabilitation and pessaries — small devices placed in the vagina to support the organs — to surgery, vaginal or abdominal, often by laparoscopy. Mid-urethral tapes effectively treat stress incontinence. These procedures are functional and covered by basic insurance. They are performed by gynaecologists and urogynaecologists, sometimes urologists.

The choice depends on the type of prolapse, age, activity, medical history and the patient's wishes, notably regarding keeping the uterus and sexual life. Synthetic vaginal mesh, once widely used via the vaginal route, has been restricted because of complications; its current use is regulated.

A pessary is often the first solution offered for troublesome prolapse, particularly for women who do not want surgery, are planning a future pregnancy or whose health makes surgery risky. There are many shapes and sizes; the gynaecologist or physiotherapist chooses the right model in a trial fitting. Correctly fitted, it cannot be felt and does not prevent walking, sport or, with some models, intercourse.

Many women learn to remove, clean and reinsert it themselves, for example every evening or a few times a week. Others have it changed regularly at the practice. Local hormone treatment is often added after menopause to protect the vaginal lining. Unusual discharge, bleeding or pain require consultation. A pessary can also be used to test the effect of correction before surgery.

The tape is a thin strip of synthetic material placed under the urethra through a small vaginal incision, to support it during exertion. The procedure takes about half an hour, under local, spinal or general anaesthesia, often as an outpatient. It effectively treats stress incontinence in the vast majority of patients, with lasting results.

Risks include difficulty emptying the bladder in the first few days, urgency, pain or, rarely, exposure of the tape in the vagina. Good information and the choice of an experienced surgeon are important. This procedure only concerns stress incontinence; urgency, called overactive bladder, is treated differently.

Not all urinary leakage is stress leakage. When leakage is preceded by a sudden, uncontrollable urge to urinate, or you have to get up several times at night, this is called overactive bladder. It is not treated with a tape, which could even worsen it, but with bladder retraining, advice on drinks, medicines and, in some cases, bladder injections or nerve stimulation. A precise assessment, with a bladder diary and sometimes a urodynamic test, distinguishes the types of leakage and allows the right treatment to be chosen.

At menopause, falling oestrogen changes the tissues of the vulva and vagina: they become thinner, drier and less elastic. This can lead to dryness, burning, pain during intercourse, recurrent urinary infections and urgency. These symptoms, grouped under the name genitourinary syndrome of menopause, affect a large proportion of women and tend to worsen without treatment.

First-line treatments are simple: vaginal moisturisers and lubricants, and low-dose local hormone treatment, whose safety is well established for most women. Pelvic physiotherapy also helps. Vaginal lasers are sometimes offered for this indication, but their long-term effectiveness remains uncertain. Talk to your gynaecologist: it is a common medical problem that can be treated.

Vaginal laser or radiofrequency treatments, as well as injections of hyaluronic acid or platelet-rich plasma, are offered for laxity, dryness or mild urinary leakage. They appeal because they are minimally invasive. Their effectiveness, however, remains debated: studies are often short and small, and results variable. Health authorities have warned against unproven commercial claims and side effects such as burns or pain.

These treatments are not covered by basic insurance. If you are offered one, ask what evidence supports its use in your case, how many sessions are planned, how long the effect is expected to last and what alternatives exist, in particular pelvic floor rehabilitation, whose effectiveness is well established for stress urinary leakage.

Hyaluronic acid injections are offered to increase the volume of the labia majora or thicken the penis, and platelet-rich plasma injections to improve sensation or erection. Hyaluronic acid is temporary and reversible, which limits long-term risks; it can nevertheless cause nodules, asymmetry or, rarely, vascular complications. Evidence for the effectiveness of plasma injections in the intimate area is still weak.

Permanent fillers, such as liquid silicone, have caused serious complications and must be avoided. If you are offered an intimate injection, ask for the exact name of the product, how long it lasts, the evidence for its effectiveness and what will be done in the event of a complication. These procedures must be performed by a doctor, in a medical setting.

Several thousand women living in Switzerland underwent genital mutilation in childhood. The consequences vary: pain, infections, urinary difficulties, complications during childbirth, psychological distress and sexual problems. Specialist consultations exist in several Swiss hospitals. They offer comprehensive medical, psychological and sexological care and, when the patient wishes, deinfibulation or reconstruction surgery.

Clitoral reconstruction, more recent, gives encouraging results in well-informed and well-supported patients, but its effects on sexuality and pain vary. The decision is made after specialist support. In Switzerland, female genital mutilation is prohibited and punishable, including when carried out abroad. Care and repair fall within medical care; ask the specialist consultation about reimbursement conditions.

Specialist consultations welcome women with respect and without judgement, often with trained interpreters. The first appointment is mainly a time for listening. The examination, always explained, establishes the type of mutilation and its consequences. The team then proposes suitable care: treatment of pain and infections, preparation for childbirth, psychological and sexological support, and legal information if needed.

Surgery is never an obligation. Deinfibulation, which reopens the closed vulva, often quickly relieves urinary difficulties and pain, and makes childbirth easier. Clitoral reconstruction is considered after careful reflection, with follow-up after the procedure. These consultations also help families protect girls from mutilation.

Young women sometimes ask for hymen reconstruction or a virginity certificate, often under pressure from those around them. The World Health Organization and many medical societies consider that virginity tests have no scientific value and violate women's rights; the appearance of the hymen varies enormously and does not show whether a woman has had intercourse.

Hymen reconstruction is advised against by many medical societies, notably because it guarantees nothing and perpetuates these practices. A young woman facing such pressure can find help and a listening ear from a gynaecologist, a sexual health centre or services specialising in violence and forced marriage, in confidence.

Treatments for certain cancers have significant consequences for the intimate area. After prostate surgery or radiotherapy, men may suffer from urinary leakage and erectile dysfunction. After gynaecological cancer, pelvic radiotherapy or hormone treatment for breast cancer, women may suffer from vaginal dryness and narrowing, making intercourse painful.

These after-effects can be treated: pelvic rehabilitation, vaginal dilators, moisturisers, erectile dysfunction treatments and, if needed, functional surgery such as an artificial urinary sphincter or a penile implant. Swiss oncology centres often have sexology and rehabilitation consultations. Do not hesitate to talk to your oncologist: quality of intimate life is part of recovery.

In men, intimate procedures fall mainly within urology, andrology and plastic surgery. A large proportion concern functional problems, such as erectile dysfunction, penile curvature or phimosis; others respond to cosmetic requests, mainly linked to penis size.

The penis is made up of three cylinders of erectile tissue: two corpora cavernosa, responsible for rigidity, and a corpus spongiosum that surrounds the urethra and ends in the glans. They are surrounded by a fibrous sheath, the tunica albuginea, where the plaques of Peyronie's disease form. Part of the penis, anchored under the pubic bone, is not visible; it is this part that lengthening by division of the suspensory ligament tries to release. The foreskin covers the glans and the frenulum connects it to its underside. The scrotum contains the testicles and loosens with age and heat. Understanding these landmarks helps you follow the urologist's explanations and gauge what each procedure can, or cannot, change.

With age, erections often become less firm and slower to come, the scrotum loosens, and the prostate enlarges and can interfere with urination. Erectile dysfunction affects a growing proportion of men after fifty. It is often linked to vascular factors, such as smoking, diabetes, high blood pressure or cholesterol, and can be an early sign of cardiovascular disease.

That is why erectile dysfunction warrants a medical consultation, not just a treatment found online. The assessment may reveal a health problem to be treated. Treatments are numerous and effective, and a penile implant only comes as a last resort. Regular physical activity, stopping smoking and weight control often improve erectile function.

Urologists often see it: men wait months, even years, before talking about an erection difficulty, a curvature, urinary leakage or a worry about their anatomy. Embarrassment at confiding, the idea that it is a personal failure or fear of an intimate examination delay the consultation. Meanwhile, the difficulty weighs on self-confidence and the relationship, and an underlying vascular or hormonal disease can go unnoticed.

Erectile dysfunction, recent curvature, a lump in the scrotum or blood in the urine or semen are legitimate and sometimes urgent reasons to consult. The GP or urologist is used to these questions, which are part of their daily practice. Many men later regret not having consulted sooner, as the solutions are often simple.

Partners often play a decisive role by encouraging the step, or even coming to the consultation. Sexual health centres also welcome men, confidentially, and can be an easier first step.

Erectile dysfunction medicines should never be bought without a prescription on unauthorised websites: counterfeit products are common and can be dangerous, notably in combination with certain heart treatments.

Penoplasty covers procedures aimed at lengthening or thickening the penis. Lengthening most often relies on dividing the ligament that suspends the penis from the pubic bone, which releases part of the penis hidden under the skin; the gain concerns flaccid length more than erect length. Thickening is done by injecting fat or hyaluronic acid, or by tissue grafts. Pubic liposuction in overweight men visually reveals the penis and is sometimes the most effective procedure.

These procedures have modest results and carry real risks: scarring, irregularities, loss of sensation, change in the angle of erection and reabsorption of injected fat. They are discussed with great caution, after checking that the size is genuinely outside the norm, which is rarely the case in men who consult. Our page on penoplasty in Switzerland details these techniques and their limits.

In overweight men, the fatty pad of the pubis hides part of the penis, which looks shorter than it is. Pubic liposuction, possibly combined with skin reshaping, visually reveals the shaft and often improves appearance more than surgical lengthening. It is performed under local anaesthesia with sedation or general anaesthesia, with a compression garment for a few weeks. General weight loss reinforces and stabilises the result.

After division of the suspensory ligament, the penis tends to retract during healing, which can cancel out part of the gain. To avoid this, surgeons often prescribe a traction device to be worn several hours a day for several months, or stretching exercises. Adherence to this programme strongly influences the final result. It is a significant constraint to be aware of before deciding, and one of the reasons why lengthening results vary so much between patients.

Slight penile curvature during erection is common and normal. Significant curvature, congenital or acquired, can interfere with or even prevent intercourse. Peyronie's disease is caused by a fibrous plaque forming in the sheath of the erectile bodies; it causes curvature, sometimes pain and shortening, and mainly affects men over forty.

In the active phase of the disease, medical treatments are offered and stabilisation awaited, generally twelve to eighteen months. Then, if the curvature is troublesome, several surgical options are possible: shortening the side opposite the curvature with stitches, incising the plaque with a graft, or placing a penile implant when the curvature is accompanied by erectile dysfunction. These procedures are performed by specialist urologists and are covered as medical care.

During the active phase of the disease, the plaque changes, the curvature can increase and pain is common. Treatments then aim to relieve pain and limit deformity: painkillers, traction devices worn several hours a day and sometimes injections into the plaque. Their effectiveness varies between patients. It is important not to operate during this phase, as the curvature could still change.

Once the disease has stabilised, for at least three to six months without pain or progression, surgery can be considered if the curvature prevents intercourse. The urologist chooses the technique according to the degree of curvature, penile length and the quality of erections.

When erectile dysfunction no longer responds to medicines or injections, a penile implant can restore the possibility of an erection. It consists of cylinders placed in the erectile bodies, most often connected to a small pump housed in the scrotum and a reservoir. The man activates the pump to obtain rigidity, then deactivates it. The device is invisible from the outside.

Satisfaction rates among patients and their partners are high. The main risks are infection, which sometimes requires removal of the device, and mechanical failure over the years. The implant does not change sensitivity or ejaculation, but makes a return to natural erections impossible. It is a last-resort treatment, performed by experienced urologists, which may be covered by insurance depending on the medical situation.

Most men choose a three-piece inflatable implant, which offers the most natural result. The urologist helps you choose according to your anatomy, dexterity and expectations.

Phimosis is a narrowing of the foreskin that prevents it from sliding over the glans. In adults, it can cause pain, infections and tears during intercourse. Cream treatment is sometimes enough; otherwise, a preputioplasty, which widens the foreskin, or a circumcision, which removes it, is offered. A frenulum that is too short, which pulls or bleeds during intercourse, is corrected by a minor procedure, frenuloplasty.

These procedures are short, often under local or brief general anaesthesia, and covered by basic insurance when medically indicated. Circumcision requested in adults for religious, cultural or cosmetic reasons is generally at the patient's expense.

In adults, circumcision is performed under local or brief general anaesthesia, in thirty to forty-five minutes. The foreskin is removed and the skin sutured with dissolvable stitches. The glans is sensitive to rubbing in the first few weeks; a light dressing and loose underwear help. Night-time erections can be painful in the first few days. Complete healing takes three to four weeks, and intercourse resumes after four to six weeks.

Risks are low: bleeding, infection, irregular scarring and, rarely, a troublesome change in sensitivity. When circumcision is requested for phimosis or repeated infections, it is covered by basic insurance; when requested for cultural, religious or comfort reasons, it is at the patient's expense.

A very loose scrotum that hangs low with age or is troublesome during sport can be shortened by reduction scrotoplasty. Excess fat on the pubis that hides part of the penis is treated by liposuction, sometimes combined with skin reduction. In some men with significant excess weight, the penis can be largely buried under the pubic skin; this situation, called buried penis, can make urination and hygiene difficult and requires specialised reconstructive surgery.

Some changes to the scrotum fall within functional surgery. A varicocele is a dilation of the veins around a testicle, most often on the left, which sometimes causes a feeling of heaviness or is discovered during an infertility assessment. A hydrocele is a build-up of fluid around the testicle, which enlarges one side of the scrotum. Both are treated with short urological procedures, covered by insurance when indicated.

Any new lump in the scrotum must be examined promptly by a doctor, particularly in young men, so as not to miss a testicular tumour, which is rare but highly curable when treated early.

A very loose scrotum can be troublesome during sport, when sitting or in clothing, and becomes more visible with age. Reduction scrotoplasty removes excess skin through an incision on the midline or at the base of the scrotum, without touching the testicles. It is performed under local or brief general anaesthesia. Swelling lasts one to two weeks; supportive briefs improve comfort. Intercourse and sport resume after about four weeks. This procedure is generally cosmetic and at the patient's expense.

Urinary leakage in men occurs mainly after prostate surgery or radiotherapy. It often improves during the first year thanks to pelvic floor rehabilitation. When it persists and is troublesome, several surgical solutions exist: a male sling for moderate leakage and an artificial urinary sphincter for significant leakage. These procedures are performed by specialist urologists and covered by basic insurance.

For some trans people, genital surgery is an important step in their pathway. In trans women, feminising vaginoplasty creates a vulva and vagina from existing genital tissue. In trans men, metoidioplasty and phalloplasty create a penis, using more complex techniques, often in several stages. These procedures are performed in Switzerland by specialist teams, mainly in university hospitals.

They are part of a pathway that generally includes psychological support, hormone therapy and specific preparation, such as permanent hair removal in certain areas. Coverage by compulsory insurance is now widely accepted for these procedures when they meet the medical criteria, following a prior request. The other stages of the pathway are presented on our pages on facial feminisation and body feminisation.

Gender-affirming genital surgery requires long-term follow-up. After feminising vaginoplasty, regular vaginal dilation is needed for several months, then less often, to maintain depth and diameter. After phalloplasty, urological check-ups are essential, as lengthening the urethra carries a risk of strictures or fistulas, which sometimes require revision.

Specialist teams organise this follow-up, with surgical, urological, pelvic physiotherapy and, if needed, sexology consultations. Having a care network close to home makes this period easier. Trans associations can also share valuable practical advice about recovery.

Sarah, 32

Irritation on every bike ride and discomfort in sports leggings. Examination shows long, asymmetric labia minora. After reflection, she opts for a wedge reduction under local anaesthesia and returns to cycling after six weeks.

Isabelle, 41

Three deliveries, urinary leakage when running and a feeling of laxity. Six months of pelvic rehabilitation resolve the leakage; the feeling of laxity persists, and perineoplasty is discussed.

Thomas, 27

Worried about the size of his penis since adolescence. Examination shows anatomy within the average. A few sessions with a sex therapist help him more than a procedure, which he eventually decides against.

Bernard, 64

Erectile dysfunction after prostate cancer treatment, no longer responding to medicines. A penile implant allows him to resume an intimate life with his partner.

Martin, 52

Curvature that appeared gradually, making intercourse difficult. After eighteen months of stabilisation of Peyronie's disease, surgical correction is performed.

Aïcha, 35

Mutilated in childhood, she suffers from pain and infections. She is followed in a specialist consultation, which offers deinfibulation and support before considering reconstruction.

"Labia minora that protrude are not normal"

False. It is a very common anatomical variation.

"Surgery always increases pleasure"

No. It can remove a discomfort, but pleasure depends on many factors that surgery does not change.

"Penis lengthening adds several centimetres when erect"

No. The gain mainly concerns flaccid length and remains modest.

"Vaginal laser replaces surgery"

No. Its effectiveness is debated, and it does not treat prolapse or perineal damage.

"Leakage after childbirth is normal and permanent"

No. It is common, but can be treated in the vast majority of cases, starting with rehabilitation.

"Intimate surgery is only for women"

No. A significant proportion of procedures concern men, particularly for functional reasons.

Successful intimate surgery removes a specific discomfort: irritation, pain, leakage, curvature or inability to achieve an erection. It can improve ease and self-confidence. It does not transform the relationship, does not guarantee greater pleasure and does not make anatomy conform to an ideal image. Cosmetic results depend on tissue quality and healing, and slight asymmetry remains common.

Setting concrete goals with the surgeon — for example being able to cycle without pain, no longer leaking when running or being able to have intercourse without discomfort — allows the result to be judged fairly.

Cosmetic intimate surgery is heavily advertised, often with commercial terms and promises of rejuvenation or enhanced pleasure. Be wary of absolute promises, technique names presented as revolutionary, limited-time offers and before-and-after photos taken under non-comparable conditions. Reputable practitioners inform you about the normal diversity of anatomy, present alternatives and do not push you to decide.

1. Name the discomfort

Physical, functional, cosmetic, sexual: identify what really bothers you, and in which situations.

2. See the right specialist

Gynaecologist, urologist or plastic surgeon, depending on your situation.

3. Explore the alternatives

Rehabilitation, practical advice, sex therapy, medical treatments.

4. Understand the procedure

Technique, results, risks, recovery, coverage.

5. Decide without pressure

Take your time, talk about it if you wish, and choose a suitable time.

• Is my discomfort physical, cosmetic, sexual, or a bit of all of these?
• Have I tried the non-surgical solutions?
• Does the request come from me?
• Are my expectations concrete and realistic?
• Am I ready to avoid intercourse and sport for several weeks?
• Have I understood the risks, including that of a result I am not happy with?

For cosmetic intimate procedures, reputable specialists require an interval between consultation and procedure, often several weeks. This interval is not a formality: it allows you to reread the information received, talk about it if you wish, check that the request remains the same after some time and prepare for recovery. A request that fades during this time was perhaps not the right one; a request that is confirmed will be experienced more calmly.

This interval is also an opportunity to prepare practically for recovery: arranging a few days off, getting the necessary supplies, talking with your partner to plan the weeks without intercourse and checking the financial conditions. Patients who have taken this time approach the procedure more calmly and follow instructions better afterwards, which contributes directly to the quality of the result.

The gynaecologist

The first point of contact for female intimate questions. They examine, reassure, refer and perform many procedures themselves, from perineal repair to prolapse surgery. Some gynaecologists have developed expertise in cosmetic intimate surgery.

The urogynaecologist

A gynaecologist specialising in pelvic floor disorders: prolapse, incontinence and complex childbirth after-effects.

The urologist

A specialist in the urinary tract and male genitals: curvature, penile implants, phimosis and scrotal surgery. Some urologists specialise in andrology.

The plastic surgeon

Performs cosmetic intimate surgery, such as labia minora reduction, fat transfer or pubic liposuction, and takes part in complex reconstructions.

The pelvic physiotherapist

A specialist in pelvic floor rehabilitation in women and men; their sessions, on medical prescription, are covered by basic insurance.

The sex therapist

Supports sexual difficulties, individually or as a couple, and helps clarify a request for surgery.

Check the doctor's specialist title in the federal MedReg register. For a cosmetic procedure, ask how many procedures of this type they perform each year and whether they can show you results, while respecting patient anonymity.

A respectful setting

The consultation takes place in confidence. You can come alone or accompanied and ask, if you prefer, to be seen by a doctor of the same sex as you or for another member of the team to be present during the examination.

The interview

The doctor asks what bothers you, since when, in which situations and what you expect from the procedure. They look into your history: deliveries, surgery, illnesses, treatments, and urinary or sexual problems.

The examination

Examination of the genitals is essential for a diagnosis. It is explained at each step and can be stopped at any time if you wish.

The explanations

The doctor tells you whether your anatomy falls within the normal range, what options exist, surgical or not, and what results and risks to expect.

Reflection

For a cosmetic procedure, a reflection period is the rule, and a second consultation is often offered before setting a date.

Talking about your intimate area is not easy; preparing for the consultation helps you not to forget anything. Note what bothers you, since when, in which situations and what you have already tried. For urinary leakage, keeping a bladder diary for two or three days — noting the times and volumes of urination, leakage and drinks — is very useful to the doctor. List your medicines, deliveries and previous surgery.

Write down your questions, even those that seem embarrassing: the doctor has heard them before. If you are afraid you will not dare to speak, you can simply hand over your list. You can also say when booking whether you would prefer to be seen by a female or male doctor, where possible.

Short intimate procedures are performed in an equipped practice or outpatient clinic; larger procedures, such as prolapse surgery, penile implants or gender-affirming surgery, in hospital or in a clinic with an inpatient stay. Check the facility's cantonal authorisation, the presence of an anaesthetist if sedation is planned, confidentiality arrangements and out-of-hours emergency arrangements.

• What is your specialty, and how many procedures of this type do you perform each year?
• Is my anatomy within the normal range?
• What non-surgical alternatives exist in my situation?
• Which technique do you propose, and why?
• What results and risks can I expect?
• How long must I avoid intercourse, sport and baths?
• Can my procedure be covered by insurance?
• What happens if I am not happy with the result?

For a major procedure or a cosmetic request you are unsure about, a second opinion is a normal and recommended step. It is particularly useful if you are offered a procedure at the first consultation without any mention of alternatives, or if the explanations you received do not seem clear. Bring the reports and tests already carried out.

• Will the procedure take place in an authorised facility, with an anaesthetist if sedation is planned?
• Which product will be injected, if applicable, and is it absorbable?
• How are infections prevented?
• Whom can I contact at night if there is a problem?
• What are the most common complications in your practice?
• How do you handle a result I am not happy with?

A reputable surgeon answers these questions frankly and gives you written instructions.

Before any procedure, you sign a document setting out the technique, expected results, alternatives, risks and recovery instructions. For cosmetic intimate surgery, it notably mentions the risks of asymmetry, altered sensitivity, irregular scarring and a result that does not meet expectations. Read it at home, ask your questions and keep a copy. You can withdraw up to the last moment.

Timing

Choose a period when you can rest for a few days and avoid intercourse, sport and certain clothing for several weeks. In women, procedures on the vulva are often scheduled outside menstruation.

Smoking

Stopping smoking a few weeks before and after considerably improves healing, which is particularly fragile in this area.

Medicines

Report your treatments; those that thin the blood are often suspended, on medical decision.

Hair removal

Do not shave or wax in the days beforehand, to avoid micro-cuts. Clipping, if needed, is done according to the team's instructions.

Infections

Any genital or urinary infection must be treated before the procedure. Screening may be offered.

Supplies

Loose cotton underwear, sanitary pads, a cushion for sitting, an ice pack and mild soap.

• Quote signed or written response from the insurer.
• Informed consent read and signed.
• Any infection treated.
• No shaving or waxing in the preceding days.
• Prescription for painkillers and care products collected.
• Loose cotton underwear, pads, ice pack.
• Someone to accompany you home.
• Time off work arranged if needed.

For intimate surgery, the best time is when you can allow yourself a few days' rest and several weeks without cycling, baths, swimming pools or intercourse. Summer is often less comfortable because of heat, sweating and the temptation to swim. Autumn and winter are often preferred. In women, scheduling outside menstruation is usual. Finally, avoid scheduling the procedure just before a holiday or an important event as a couple.

Short procedures on the vulva, foreskin or frenulum can be done under local anaesthesia, sometimes with light sedation. Larger procedures, such as perineoplasty, prolapse surgery, penile implants, curvature correction or gender-affirming surgery, are done under general anaesthesia or spinal anaesthesia, which numbs the lower half of the body. The choice is discussed with the anaesthetist.

You are welcomed discreetly, usually in the morning. The surgeon reviews the plan with you and, for some procedures, makes markings. After anaesthesia, the procedure takes from thirty minutes for a simple procedure to several hours for reconstructive surgery. On waking, a dressing or pad is in place; urination is checked before you leave after vaginal, urological or prolapse surgery. For outpatient procedures, you go home accompanied a few hours later, with written instructions.

In all these procedures, swelling is often significant in the first few days, as the tissues of the intimate area have a rich blood supply. It decreases gradually over a few weeks. Cold applied through a cloth, rest and loose clothing bring relief. Stitches are often dissolvable and fall out on their own.

After intimate surgery, hygiene is essential to prevent infection, without excess that would irritate the scar. The usual instructions are to rinse with lukewarm water after each visit to the toilet — a hand shower or water bottle is practical — pat dry with a clean towel, use a mild unscented soap once or twice a day, and avoid baths, swimming pools and saunas for several weeks. Change underwear and pads often. Avoid tampons and menstrual cups after vaginal surgery until the doctor approves.

Many intimate irritations are perpetuated by unsuitable hygiene habits. In women, the vagina cleans itself; vaginal douches, perfumed soaps and wipes upset the flora and encourage infections and irritation. External washing with water or a mild, unscented product is enough. Cotton underwear, changing quickly out of a wet swimsuit and avoiding very tight clothing limit irritation.

In uncircumcised men, washing under the foreskin daily with water prevents inflammation. Frequent full shaving or hair removal often irritates the skin and encourages ingrown hairs and minor infections. These simple tips sometimes resolve a discomfort thought to be anatomical.

Resuming intercourse is the most frequently asked question, and often the hardest to raise. As a general rule, wait four to six weeks after a procedure on the vulva or penis, and six to eight weeks after vaginal surgery. The scar must be fully closed and pain-free. First intercourse requires gentleness, patience and often a lubricant.

Sensitivity may be temporarily altered, heightened or reduced, and generally returns to normal within a few months. Persistent pain, mechanical discomfort or significant anxiety warrant talking to the surgeon, who may offer a check-up, physiotherapy or sex therapy. Talking with your partner about this waiting period and these stages makes this time much easier.

• Is healing progressing normally?
• Is the remaining swelling normal at this stage?
• When can I resume intercourse, sport, cycling and baths?
• Should I continue a local treatment?
• Will sensitivity continue to change?
• Should I plan rehabilitation or sex therapy?

After intimate surgery, it is easy to scrutinise details that do not matter. Go back to the goals set before the procedure: has the discomfort during sport gone, has the leakage stopped, has intercourse become possible and comfortable again? Wait three to six months before judging the appearance, until swelling has gone and scars have softened. If a problem persists, talk to the surgeon rather than remaining in doubt.

Bear in mind that the way you look at an operated area changes: you observe it more than before and notice details that were already there. Comparing with photos taken before the procedure, if you have them, helps you keep a fair, calm view of the change actually achieved.

For an outpatient intimate procedure, living alone is not a major difficulty, provided someone takes you home and, ideally, stays the first night. Prepare simple meals, an ice pack, pads, your medicines and a cushion to sit on in advance. Keep your phone within reach with the team's number. After a larger procedure, such as prolapse surgery or a penile implant, help in the first few days is advised.

Your GP knows your history and treatments. They can be the first person you talk to about intimate discomfort, examine you, prescribe rehabilitation or treatment and refer you to the right specialist. After a procedure, they can provide certain care or a first examination if there is a problem, and incorporate the procedure into your overall follow-up. Give them a copy of the operative report.

For most cosmetic intimate procedures, a few days to a week off work is enough for office work. Physical jobs or those requiring long periods of sitting or standing need more. Sitting can be uncomfortable in the first few days after vulvar or perineal surgery; a ring cushion helps. Cycling, horse riding and straddle sports wait at least six weeks. Swimming and baths resume once the scar has closed, generally after four weeks.

Nothing obliges you to tell your employer, colleagues or those close to you the nature of the procedure. "A minor procedure" or "a health problem to sort out" is enough. For recovery, it is useful for at least one trusted person to know what it is, so they can help you and react if there is a problem. Patients who choose to talk about it more widely are often surprised at how common these issues are.

Day 0

One-hour procedure under local anaesthesia with sedation. Home in the afternoon, accompanied. Feeling of tightness and warmth, ice pack every two hours.

Days 1 to 3

Significant swelling, sitting uncomfortable. Rinsing with lukewarm water after each visit to the toilet. Working from home lying on the sofa.

Day 7

Swelling has halved. Back to work at the office with a cushion. Some stitches are starting to fall out.

Week 3

No more pain, slight tenderness. Walking and gentle yoga.

Week 6

Check-up with the surgeon: fully healed. Back to cycling and intercourse.

Month 4

No more irritation during sport. The result looks natural; the scar is invisible.

Day 0

Vaginal surgery under spinal anaesthesia. Urinary catheter until the next day.

Day 1

Catheter removed, urination checked. Up and walking in the corridor.

Day 2

Home, with instructions not to lift anything heavy and to avoid constipation.

Week 2

Fatigue decreasing. Daily walks. Light discharge, which is normal.

Week 6

Check-up: healing well. Gradual return to activities and intimate life.

Month 3

The feeling of a lump has gone. Pelvic rehabilitation resumed to consolidate the result.

Day 0

Implant placed under general anaesthesia, one and a half hours. Urinary catheter until the next day, antibiotics.

Day 1

Catheter removed, normal urination. Scrotal swelling, moderate pain.

Day 2

Home with supportive briefs and hygiene instructions.

Week 2

Swelling decreasing. Back to office work.

Week 5

Check-up with the urologist and first activation of the implant, with explanations on how to use it.

Month 3

Regular use. The couple has resumed an intimate life, with the help of a few sex therapy sessions.

Complications of intimate surgery are generally uncommon, but their consequences can be significant, as they affect a sensitive, intimate area. The main ones are as follows.

Haematoma and bleeding

The area has a rich blood supply. Sudden, painful swelling on one side requires consultation.

Infection

Encouraged by moisture and proximity to the anal area; it is treated with antibiotics and local care.

Wound breakdown

Part of the suture can open, often after exertion or intercourse resumed too early. It generally heals on its own, sometimes with a less even result.

Altered sensation

Temporary reduced sensation or hypersensitivity, rarely lasting.

Pain during intercourse

After excessive vaginal tightening or a contracting scar; hence the importance of measured correction.

Insufficient or excessive result

Asymmetry, excessive labial reduction, disappointing size gain after penoplasty. Some excessive corrections are difficult to repair.

Specific complications

Penile implant failure or infection, recurrence of prolapse, urinary complications after a tape.

Fever, increasing pain, heavy bleeding, foul-smelling discharge, difficulty urinating or sudden swelling require prompt contact with the team; in an emergency, call 144.

• Having surgery without information about the diversity of normal anatomy.
• Neglecting pelvic rehabilitation before surgery for leakage or laxity.
• Choosing an injection of a permanent product.
• Resuming intercourse or cycling too soon.
• Buying erectile dysfunction medicines without a prescription.
• Giving in to pressure from a partner.
• Judging the result in the first few weeks.

In Switzerland, the boundary between functional and cosmetic medicine determines coverage. Compulsory health insurance reimburses treatment of a disease or its consequences when it is effective, appropriate and economical. It does not reimburse procedures for cosmetic purposes.

For any procedure whose coverage is uncertain, ask the doctor to send a cost approval request to your insurer with a detailed report, and wait for the written response before setting the date. Supplementary insurance sometimes covers a stay in a private or semi-private ward, rarely the cosmetic procedure itself.

Common functional procedures, such as prolapse surgery, circumcision or treatment of a short frenulum, are available in almost every canton. Cosmetic intimate surgery is more concentrated in cities; gender-affirming surgery, reconstruction after mutilation and complex penile implants are mainly performed in university centres and a few specialised clinics.

Geneva

Full provision, with a specialist consultation for women who have undergone mutilation, a gender-affirmation centre, urogynaecology and cosmetic intimate surgery. Base reference for prices.

Vaud

Lausanne brings together a university centre, urogynaecology, andrology and plastic surgeons; Morges, Nyon, Vevey and Yverdon offer local gynaecology and urology.

Neuchâtel, Jura

Gynaecology, urology and prolapse surgery locally; specialised surgery tends to take place in Lausanne, Bern or Basel.

Fribourg

Bilingual provision in gynaecology and urology, a few plastic surgeons; Bern and Lausanne for specialised cases.

Valais

Sion and the regional hospitals cover functional surgery; Lausanne or Bern for specialised cosmetic surgery and gender affirmation.

Bern

University centre with specialised urology and gynaecology, including gender affirmation; many private practitioners.

Basel

University centre, urogynaecology and andrology, accessible from Jura and Aargau.

Zurich

The widest provision in German-speaking Switzerland, including penile implants and complex reconstructive surgery.

Central and eastern Switzerland

Lucerne and St. Gallen have full provision in functional surgery; Zurich for highly specialised cases.

Ticino

Lugano and Bellinzona offer gynaecology, urology and a few plastic surgeons; consultations in Italian.

Talking about your intimate life already takes effort; doing so in a language you do not master adds a difficulty. In French-speaking Switzerland, all consultations are in French. In German-speaking cities, many gynaecologists, urologists and plastic surgeons see patients in French or English; ask when booking. For women affected by genital mutilation, specialist consultations often work with trained interpreters, respecting confidentiality.

This comparison shows, for 42 cities, the availability of cosmetic intimate surgery, access to specialised surgery and the observed price difference with Geneva for non-reimbursed procedures. For covered functional procedures, proximity and the quality of follow-up matter more than price.

Discretion is often an important criterion: some patients prefer to consult in a city other than their own. Most cosmetic intimate procedures are performed as outpatient procedures, which makes a journey of a few dozen minutes easy to arrange; simply plan for someone to accompany you home.

Discretion is a legitimate concern. Medical confidentiality covers the whole consultation and procedure. For reimbursed procedures, insurance statements are sent to the insured person; for a young adult still insured by their parents, it may be useful to ask the insurer to send documents to their own address. A sick note never specifies the nature of the procedure.

Many patients choose to consult in a neighbouring city rather than in their own area. As cosmetic intimate procedures are generally outpatient procedures, a journey of thirty minutes to an hour remains easy to arrange. Plan for a trusted person to accompany you home, or a taxi, and a few days of rest at home.

For non-reimbursed procedures, we express prices as relative indices, which are more meaningful than amounts that vary between practitioners.

Details by city are on our page on intimate surgery prices in Switzerland, and on the price pages for vaginoplasty and penoplasty.

For a cosmetic procedure, a deposit is often requested at booking, expressed as a percentage of the quote. Ask about the conditions for postponement, notably in the event of an unexpected period, infection or herpes outbreak, which sometimes require the date to be moved through no fault of your own. Ask for these conditions in writing.

Additional costs often include medicines, pads and hygiene products, days off work, sometimes physiotherapy or sex therapy sessions, and travel to check-ups. For treatments that need repeating, such as hyaluronic acid injections or lasers, think in terms of several years.

Labiaplasty or nymphoplasty: Reduction of the labia minora.

Perineoplasty: Reconstruction of the perineum, between the vagina and anus.

Prolapse: Descent of a pelvic organ into the vagina.

Pelvic floor: The group of muscles that support the pelvic organs.

Penoplasty: Lengthening or thickening of the penis.

Peyronie's disease: A fibrous plaque in the penis causing curvature.

Phimosis: Narrowing of the foreskin.

Penile implant: A device placed in the erectile bodies to allow an erection.

Deinfibulation: Surgical reopening of the vulva after infibulation.

• Intimate surgery covers functional, cosmetic and identity-related procedures.
• Genital anatomy varies enormously; many worries concern normal anatomy.
• Non-surgical alternatives, such as pelvic rehabilitation, are often enough.
• Functional procedures are generally covered by basic insurance; cosmetic ones are not.
• Vaginal lasers and radiofrequency have debated effectiveness.
• Resuming intercourse takes four to eight weeks depending on the procedure.
• Cosmetic procedures are not for minors.

Medespoir Suisse helps you ask your questions discreetly, understand the options and find the right specialist — gynaecologist, urologist or plastic surgeon — in your region and language. We help you read quotes and distinguish what may be covered by insurance.

Intimate surgery responds to real distress, often kept quiet out of modesty. Properly indicated and performed, it can considerably improve comfort and quality of life. It requires honest information, a respectful examination, a search for alternatives, and an experienced surgeon who also knows how to say when a procedure is not necessary. To find out more, see our pages on vaginoplasty and penoplasty, and our page on intimate surgery prices in Switzerland.

Budget

Price differences between cities and cantons, the quote breakdown and ways to save are detailed on our page Guide to intimate surgery for men and women: prices in Switzerland.

All pages in this section

• Penoplasty in Switzerland
• Vaginoplasty in Switzerland

Our guides

• Cosmetic surgery in Switzerland

Answers to the most frequent questions about intimate surgery in Switzerland.

Understanding intimate surgery

What is intimate surgery? It is the set of procedures that change the appearance or function of the genitals, in women and men. It includes functional surgery, such as treating prolapse or penile curvature, cosmetic surgery, such as reducing the labia minora, and gender-affirming surgery.

Is intimate surgery a medical specialty? No, it is not an official specialty. Procedures are performed by gynaecologists, urogynaecologists, urologists, plastic surgeons and teams specialising in gender affirmation, depending on the type of procedure. It is important to see the specialist suited to your situation.

How do I know if my anatomy is normal? Genital anatomy varies enormously from person to person. A doctor, gynaecologist or urologist can examine you and tell you whether your anatomy falls within this normal range, which is the case for the vast majority of people who are worried. This information is often enough to ease a long-standing worry.

Why are requests for intimate surgery increasing? Several factors contribute: more open talk about sexuality, full hair removal that makes anatomy more visible, the influence of retouched images in the media and pornography, and better knowledge of treatments for childbirth after-effects. This increase has prompted calls for caution from medical societies.

What is the difference between functional and cosmetic intimate surgery? Functional surgery treats a disease or physical discomfort: prolapse, incontinence, curvature, phimosis, erectile dysfunction or childbirth after-effects. Cosmetic surgery changes appearance without functional discomfort. The former is generally covered by basic insurance, the latter is not.

Is surgery always necessary? No. Many problems can be resolved without surgery: pelvic floor rehabilitation for urinary leakage and laxity after childbirth, practical advice for irritation, sex therapy for certain difficulties, and medicines for erectile dysfunction. Surgery comes in when these solutions are not enough.

Does intimate surgery improve sex life? It can remove a discomfort that prevented intercourse or made it painful, and improve ease. But sexual satisfaction depends on many relational, psychological and physical factors that surgery does not change. Surgery presented as a way to increase pleasure should prompt caution.

Can I talk to my GP about it? Yes, it is often a good first step. They can examine you, reassure you or refer you to the right specialist — gynaecologist, urologist, physiotherapist or sex therapist. Doctors are bound by professional confidentiality and are used to these questions.

Female intimate surgery

What is a labiaplasty? It is the reduction of the labia minora, also called nymphoplasty. It removes excess tissue from labia minora considered too long or asymmetric. It may be motivated by irritation, pain during sport or intercourse, hygiene difficulties, or cosmetic discomfort.

Are labia minora that protrude abnormal? No. Labia minora protruding beyond the labia majora is very common and part of the normal range of anatomy. A procedure is only justified if it causes real physical or psychological discomfort, after full information.

Does labiaplasty reduce sensitivity? It does not touch the clitoris, the main organ of pleasure. A temporary change in labial sensitivity is possible, and a lasting reduction is rare when a careful, measured technique is used. Excessive reduction can, however, cause pain or dryness.

Which labiaplasty technique should I choose? Edge trimming removes the excess along the edge; the wedge technique removes a triangle from the middle and preserves the natural edge. Each has its advantages depending on anatomy and the desired result. The surgeon will explain which they recommend and why.

Can I give birth normally after a labiaplasty? Yes. Labiaplasty does not prevent vaginal delivery. It is simply useful to mention it to the midwife. Some women prefer to wait until they have had their children before vaginal or perineal surgery, but this is not necessary for a labiaplasty.

What is a perineoplasty? It is reconstruction of the perineum, the area between the vagina and anus, often weakened or scarred after childbirth. It tightens the vaginal opening and strengthens the superficial muscles. It is often combined with vaginal tightening.

Should I wait until I have finished having children? For vaginal tightening or perineoplasty, waiting is generally advised, as a new vaginal delivery can alter the result. For labiaplasty, it is not essential. Discuss your pregnancy plans with the surgeon.

How long after childbirth can surgery be considered? Generally not before six to twelve months, and often after breastfeeding has ended, to allow the tissues to recover and rehabilitation to take effect. Many problems improve considerably during this period. An anal sphincter injury, however, requires prompt treatment.

Is pelvic floor rehabilitation reimbursed? Yes, pelvic physiotherapy prescribed by a doctor is covered by basic insurance, under the usual deductible (franchise) and co-payment (quote-part) rules, for a set number of sessions renewable on prescription. It is often the first treatment for leakage and laxity.

Is vaginal laser effective? Its effectiveness remains debated. Available studies are often short and small, with variable results. Health authorities have warned against certain commercial claims. It is not covered by insurance. Ask what evidence supports its use in your case.

What is prolapse? It is the descent of one or more pelvic organs — bladder, uterus or rectum — into the vagina. It causes a sensation of a lump or heaviness, sometimes urinary or bowel problems. It is treated with rehabilitation, a pessary or surgery, covered by basic insurance.

What is a pessary? It is a small silicone device placed in the vagina to support the organs in the case of prolapse. It avoids or delays surgery, can be removed and reinserted, and is often worn without discomfort. It requires regular follow-up by the gynaecologist.

How is stress urinary incontinence treated? First with pelvic floor rehabilitation, which is effective for many women. If that fails, a tape placed under the urethra in a minor procedure gives very good results. Other treatments exist depending on the situation. These treatments are covered by basic insurance.

Can the labia majora be enlarged? Yes, by fat transfer, using your own fat, or by hyaluronic acid injection. Fat transfer gives a more lasting result, but some of the fat is reabsorbed; hyaluronic acid is temporary. These cosmetic procedures are at the patient's expense.

Where can I get help after female genital mutilation? Several Swiss hospitals have specialist consultations for women who have undergone genital mutilation. They offer comprehensive medical, psychological and sexological care and, if the patient wishes, reconstructive surgery. Your gynaecologist or GP can refer you there, in confidence.

Male intimate surgery

What is penoplasty? It is a set of procedures aimed at lengthening or thickening the penis: division of the suspensory ligament for lengthening, fat or hyaluronic acid injection for thickening, and pubic liposuction to reveal the shaft. Results are modest and risks real; requests are discussed with caution.

What is a normal penis size? Studies show great variability, with an average erect length of around thirteen centimetres. The vast majority of men worried about their size are within the average. A genuinely very small penis, called a micropenis, is rare and requires specific medical care.

Is penis lengthening effective? Division of the suspensory ligament mainly increases flaccid length, by one to three centimetres on average, and erect length little or not at all. It can change the angle of erection. Prolonged stretching after the procedure is often necessary. Expectations must be realistic.

Does thickening by injection last? Hyaluronic acid is reabsorbed within one to two years and must be renewed. Injected fat lasts longer for the portion that takes, but some is reabsorbed and irregularities are possible. Certain permanent products used in the past have caused serious complications and are not advised.

What is Peyronie's disease? It is the formation of a fibrous plaque in the sheath of the erectile bodies, causing curvature of the penis during erection, sometimes with pain and shortening. It mainly affects men over forty. It is treated medically first, then surgically if the curvature is troublesome after stabilisation.

Is a curved penis normal? Slight curvature during erection is very common and normal. Significant curvature that interferes with or prevents intercourse, or that appears recently with pain, warrants a consultation with a urologist.

What is a penile implant? It is a device placed in the erectile bodies to allow an erection when erectile dysfunction treatments are no longer effective. Inflatable models include a small pump in the scrotum. The device is invisible and satisfaction rates are high. It is a last-resort treatment.

Does a penile implant change sensitivity? No, it does not change sensitivity, orgasm or ejaculation. It only provides rigidity. However, after placement, a natural erection is no longer possible, which makes it a permanent decision.

When should phimosis be operated on? When phimosis is troublesome, causes infections, pain or tears, and treatment with cream has not been enough. A plasty that widens the foreskin or a circumcision is offered. The procedure is short and covered by basic insurance when medically indicated.

What is a short frenulum? It is a fold of skin under the glans that is too short and pulls, hurts or bleeds during intercourse. A minor procedure under local anaesthesia, frenuloplasty, resolves the problem. It is covered by basic insurance when medically indicated.

What is a buried penis? It is a situation in which much of the penis is hidden under the skin and fat of the pubis, often in men with significant excess weight. It can make urinating and hygiene difficult. Weight loss and specialised reconstructive surgery can correct it.

Approach and decision

Which specialist should I see? For a female intimate question, start with a gynaecologist. For a male question, a urologist. For a cosmetic request, a plastic surgeon may also be consulted. A pelvic physiotherapist, sex therapist or psychologist can complement care.

What does the examination involve? Examination of the genitals is essential for a diagnosis. The doctor explains each step, respects your modesty and can stop the examination if you wish. You can ask for another member of the team to be present or, if possible, a doctor of the same sex as you.

Can I bring someone with me? Yes. You can come with your partner or someone you trust. The doctor may also wish to speak to you alone for part of the consultation, to make sure the request is yours.

Should I see a psychologist before intimate surgery? It is not compulsory for all procedures, but a session with a psychologist or sex therapist may be offered, notably if the concern is very long-standing or very intense, or if the anatomy is normal. This is not a refusal, but a way of checking that surgery will meet the request.

Can minors have cosmetic intimate surgery? No, cosmetic procedures are not performed on minors, except in particular medical situations assessed by a specialist team. Anatomy and self-image are still developing in adolescence; information and support are favoured.

My partner is pushing me to have surgery: what should I do? Take time to ask yourself whether the request comes from you. Talk to the doctor, who can see you alone. A procedure carried out to meet someone else's expectations rarely brings satisfaction. Couples counselling can help.

How long between consultation and procedure? For a cosmetic procedure, a reflection period of several weeks is usual, often with a second consultation. For a functional procedure, the timing depends on urgency and on the insurer's response if a cost approval request is needed.

Can I ask for a second opinion? Yes, it is a normal step, particularly useful if you are offered a major procedure or are hesitating. Bring the reports and tests already carried out. Two consistent opinions are reassuring; two differing opinions deserve to be explained by each doctor.

How do I choose a surgeon? Check their specialist title in the MedReg register, their experience of the planned procedure, the quality of the information they give, their ability to offer alternatives and to say when a procedure is not necessary, the organisation of follow-up and the transparency of the quote.

How can I stay discreet? Consultations and procedures are covered by medical confidentiality. A sick note does not mention the nature of the procedure. Some patients choose to consult in a city other than their own. For reimbursed procedures, the insurance invoice lists medical services, with no details visible to third parties.

Procedure and recovery

What anaesthesia is used for intimate surgery? Short procedures are often done under local anaesthesia, sometimes with light sedation. Larger procedures are done under general anaesthesia or spinal anaesthesia, which numbs the lower half of the body. The choice is discussed with the surgeon and anaesthetist.

Is intimate surgery painful? Pain is generally moderate and well controlled by painkillers. In the first few days, the area is swollen and sensitive, particularly when sitting. Cold applied through a cloth, rest and loose clothing bring relief.

How long does the swelling last? It is marked in the first week and gradually decreases over three to six weeks, sometimes longer for vaginal or penile procedures. The final result is judged after several months, once the tissues have regained their suppleness.

How should I wash after the procedure? Rinse with lukewarm water after each visit to the toilet, pat dry, use a mild unscented soap once or twice a day, and change underwear and pads often. Avoid baths, swimming pools and saunas for several weeks.

When can I resume intercourse? Generally after four to six weeks for a procedure on the vulva or penis, and six to eight weeks for vaginal or prolapse surgery. The scar must be closed and pain-free. Resume gently with a lubricant. Ask the surgeon's approval at the check-up.

When can I resume sport? Walking resumes from the first few days. Gentle sport after two to three weeks, running and fitness after about four weeks. Cycling, horse riding and straddle sports wait at least six weeks after vulvar or perineal surgery.

Can I use tampons after intimate surgery? After vaginal or perineal surgery, tampons and menstrual cups are not advised for several weeks, until the doctor approves. Use sanitary pads. After a labiaplasty, they can often be used sooner, according to instructions.

Can I wear tight clothing? Tight clothing, skinny jeans and leggings rub on the scar and are not advised for several weeks. Prefer loose cotton underwear and soft clothing. Some surgeons recommend supportive underwear after penoplasty or fat transfer.

When will I see the final result? Generally after three to six months, once swelling has gone and scars have softened. For fat transfer, some of the fat is reabsorbed in the first few months. Do not judge the result in the first few weeks.

Do I need time off work? For an outpatient cosmetic procedure, a few days to a week for office work. For prolapse surgery, two to four weeks. For a physical job, longer. The sick note does not mention the nature of the procedure.

Can I urinate normally after the procedure? Most often yes. A burning sensation when urinating is common in the first few days after vulvar surgery; rinsing with lukewarm water while urinating brings relief. After prolapse surgery or a tape, urination is checked before discharge. Inability to urinate requires emergency consultation.

Practical questions

Should I shave before the procedure? No. On the contrary, it is advisable not to shave or wax the area in the days beforehand, to avoid micro-cuts that encourage infection. If clipping is needed, it is done by the team or according to their instructions, with clippers.

Can I have surgery during my period? Procedures on the vulva and vagina are generally scheduled outside menstruation, to make the procedure and care easier. If your period arrives unexpectedly, let the team know; the procedure is not necessarily postponed.

What should I wear on the day of the procedure? Loose, comfortable clothing, soft trousers or a skirt, and cotton underwear. Bring sanitary pads, even for a male procedure if discharge is expected, according to the team's instructions.

Can I drive after the procedure? Not the same day, especially after sedation or general anaesthesia. Afterwards, driving is possible as soon as sitting and braking are no longer painful, often after a few days. A cushion can help.

Can I sit normally? In the first few days after vulvar or perineal surgery, prolonged sitting is uncomfortable. A ring cushion, regular breaks and sitting with your weight on one buttock bring relief. Discomfort decreases considerably within one to two weeks.

Should I apply cold? Yes, in the first few days, an ice pack wrapped in a clean cloth, applied for fifteen to twenty minutes several times a day, reduces swelling and pain. Never put ice directly on the skin.

Do the stitches need removing? Most often, stitches are dissolvable and fall out on their own within two to four weeks. A few non-dissolvable stitches may be removed at a check-up. Do not pull on the threads, even if they stick out.

Can I shower? Yes, generally from the next day, avoiding a direct, prolonged jet on the scar. Pat dry. Baths wait until healing is complete, generally three to four weeks.

Can I resume my usual contraception? Yes, most contraception can be continued. Vaginal devices, such as the ring, and female condoms wait until healing after vaginal surgery. Talk to your gynaecologist if you use hormonal contraception and the procedure is long.

Should I inform my usual gynaecologist or urologist? It is preferable if the procedure is performed by another doctor: they can provide follow-up, and the operative report will be useful for future examinations, notably smear tests or prostate examinations.

Are the scars visible? Scars from intimate surgery are generally discreet, as the skin and mucous membranes of this area heal well and incisions follow natural folds. They may be slightly visible in the first few months, then fade.

Can I cycle to work? Not for at least six weeks after surgery on the vulva, perineum or scrotum, because of saddle pressure. Prefer public transport or walking during this period.

Can I swim in a lake or swimming pool? Not before the scar is completely closed, generally three to four weeks, because of the risk of infection. Ask the surgeon's approval at the check-up.

Is pregnancy possible after intimate surgery? Yes, none of the cosmetic intimate procedures prevents pregnancy. Vaginal delivery remains possible but may alter the result of vaginal tightening or perineoplasty. Discuss the mode of delivery with your obstetrician.

Can a man have children after intimate surgery? Penoplasty, circumcision, curvature correction and penile implants do not affect sperm production. After an implant, ejaculation remains possible. Fertility is therefore not changed by these procedures.

Is treatment needed after the procedure? Painkillers are usually prescribed for a few days, sometimes an antibiotic, a healing cream or a local treatment. Follow the prescription and report any side effects.

How many check-ups should I plan for? Generally one check-up after one to two weeks, then another after four to six weeks, before resuming intercourse. For a penile implant, the device is first activated at a check-up a few weeks after the procedure.

Can I return to work that involves standing? Jobs that require standing for long periods can increase swelling after vaginal or prolapse surgery. Slightly longer time off, or a temporary adjustment of duties, is often advised.

Is lifting forbidden? After prolapse or perineal surgery, avoid lifting heavy loads for several weeks, as exertion increases pressure on the repaired tissues. Ask the surgeon what weight is still allowed.

What should I do about constipation after the procedure? Painkillers and fear of straining encourage constipation, which puts strain on the perineum. Drink enough, eat fibre and, if needed, use a gentle prescribed laxative. Avoid straining on the toilet.

Can I resume masturbation? The same timeframes as for intercourse generally apply, i.e. four to six weeks after a procedure on the vulva or penis, so as not to put strain on a scar that is still fragile. Ask the surgeon if in doubt.

Are intimate tattoos or piercings a problem? An intimate piercing must be removed before the procedure and can only be reinserted after complete healing, with the doctor's approval. A tattoo near the operated area may be slightly distorted by a scar.

Is a screening test needed beforehand? For gynaecological surgery, an up-to-date smear test is often requested. Screening for genital infection may be offered if there are symptoms. Any infection must be treated before the procedure.

Can I have surgery if I have genital herpes? Yes, but you must mention it. An active outbreak requires the procedure to be postponed. Preventive antiviral treatment may be prescribed around the procedure to avoid an outbreak on the operated area.

Is diabetes a contraindication? No, but it must be well controlled, as it increases the risk of infection and slows healing. For a penile implant, poorly controlled diabetes considerably increases the risk of device infection.

Can I smoke after the procedure? It is strongly advised not to smoke for at least four weeks after the procedure. Smoking reduces tissue oxygenation and increases the risk of wound breakdown and infection.

Whom should I call at night if there is a problem? The surgical team's emergency number, saved before the procedure. In the event of heavy bleeding, intense pain or inability to urinate, go to A&E or call 144.

Risks

What are the main risks? Haematoma, infection, wound breakdown, temporary changes in sensation, pain during intercourse, insufficient or excessive result, and asymmetry. Each procedure also has its own risks, such as penile implant infection or recurrence of prolapse.

Can a labiaplasty go wrong? Complications are uncommon, but excessive reduction, an irregular scar or stitches coming apart are possible. Excessive reduction is difficult to correct. That is why measured technique and the surgeon's experience are essential.

Can vaginal tightening make intercourse painful? Yes, if the tightening is too great or the scar contracts. Measured correction and attentive follow-up limit this risk. In the event of persistent pain, physiotherapy, dilators or, rarely, revision surgery may be offered.

What happens if a penile implant becomes infected? Implant infection is rare but serious. It most often requires removal of the device, with the possibility of placing another one later. Urologists take strict precautions to prevent it. Pain, redness or fever require prompt consultation.

Can an unsatisfactory result be corrected? Often yes, but not always easily. Asymmetry or residual excess can be corrected fairly well; excessive reduction of the labia minora or a complication from an injected product are more difficult. Wait for things to settle, generally six months, before considering a touch-up.

Which signs should be a warning? Fever, pain that increases instead of decreasing, heavy bleeding, sudden swelling, foul-smelling discharge, inability to urinate, or spreading redness. Contact the team without delay; in an emergency, call 144.

Prices and insurance

Does basic insurance reimburse intimate surgery? It reimburses medically indicated functional procedures: prolapse, incontinence, childbirth after-effects, penile curvature, phimosis, short frenulum and, depending on the situation, penile implants and gender-affirming surgery. Purely cosmetic procedures are at the patient's expense.

Can a labiaplasty be reimbursed? When it is purely cosmetic, no. When significant documented functional discomfort exists, coverage may be examined case by case, following a prior cost approval request by the doctor. Refusals are common; wait for a written response.

How much does a labiaplasty cost? It serves as the reference for our comparisons, at index 100 under local anaesthesia. Combined clitoral hood reduction adds about 20 to 40, and fat transfer to the labia majora is around 90 to 130. Differences between cities are on our prices page.

How much does penoplasty cost? In relative indices, thickening by injection is around 80 to 150 and lengthening by ligament division around 200 to 300, on a base of 100 for a labiaplasty. The price depends on the combined procedures. Details are on our penoplasty prices page.

Is a penile implant reimbursed? Coverage may be granted depending on the medical situation, for example after treatment for prostate cancer or in the case of organic erectile dysfunction resistant to treatment. The request is made by the urologist, with a report. Wait for the insurer's written response.

Is gender-affirming surgery reimbursed? Coverage of gender-affirming genital surgery by compulsory insurance is now widely accepted when it meets the medical criteria, following a prior cost approval request with the required reports.

Does supplementary insurance contribute? It sometimes covers hospital stays in a semi-private or private ward and free choice of facility, rarely the cosmetic procedure itself. Read your conditions carefully and ask for written confirmation.

Is Geneva the most expensive city? Geneva serves as the base reference and is among the cities with the highest cosmetic surgery prices, along with Zurich. Elsewhere, prices are often 5 to 20% lower. Choosing an experienced specialist remains more important than the price difference.

Where to consult in Switzerland

Where can I find an intimate surgery specialist in Switzerland? Gynaecologists and urologists are found in every canton. Cosmetic intimate surgery is mainly offered in cities, and specialised surgery, such as reconstruction after mutilation or gender affirmation, in the university hospitals of Geneva, Lausanne, Bern, Basel and Zurich, as well as in a few clinics.

Can I consult in French in German-speaking Switzerland? Often, yes, in the major cities. Ask when booking. For such intimate questions, it is important to be able to express yourself and understand perfectly; professional interpreters can also be requested in hospitals.

Should I choose a clinic near home? For functional procedures and those requiring several check-ups, proximity is an asset. For an outpatient cosmetic procedure, some patients prefer to consult in another city for discretion, which remains easy to arrange.

Can Medespoir direct me? Yes. Describe your situation and questions, without a photo if you prefer. A specialist will reply confidentially and we will direct you to an experienced gynaecologist, urologist or plastic surgeon in your region and language. Free and without obligation.

Describe your situation and questions, without a photo if you prefer. A specialist will reply confidentially and refer you. Free and without obligation.